See -ion on Wiktionary
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"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "-ien"
},
"expansion": "Breton -ien",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *-onos, *-onā. Cognate to Cornish -yon, Breton -ien.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-on",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "plural suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ion",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "seiciatrydd (“psychiatrist”) + -ion → seiciatryddion (“psychiatrists”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cymydog (“neighbour”) + -ion → cymdogion (“neighbours”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mab (“son”) + -ion → meibion (“sons”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pluralisation suffix"
],
"id": "en--ion-cy-suffix-n2Uk8s04",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-aid"
},
{
"word": "-aint"
},
{
"word": "-au"
},
{
"word": "-ed"
},
{
"word": "-edd"
},
{
"word": "-en"
},
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"word": "-iadau"
},
{
"word": "-iaid"
},
{
"word": "-iau"
},
{
"word": "-od"
},
{
"word": "-oedd"
},
{
"word": "-on"
},
{
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"word": "-yr"
},
{
"word": "-ys"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/jɔn/"
}
],
"word": "-ion"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-on",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ion",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 0 19 19 13 6 6 5 1 0 10 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "tir (“land”) + -ion → tirion (“territory, plain, grassland”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Noun suffix"
],
"id": "en--ion-cy-suffix-C~M1hpdR",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/jɔn/"
}
],
"word": "-ion"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English unproductive suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ation",
"id": "-ation",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ion\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-acioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ion\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"-ation\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ion\" id=\"English:_-ation\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-tion"
},
"expansion": "Middle French -tion",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-tiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin -tiō",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ion\nReanalysed from -ation, -tion, from Middle French -tion, -cion, from Latin -tiō. By surface analysis, this suffix is added to verbs derived from Latin perfect participle stems.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "-ion (noun-forming suffix, countable and uncountable, plural -ions)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ation"
},
{
"tags": [
"Greek"
],
"word": "-sis"
},
{
"word": "-tion"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"text": "transfixion",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"text": "reaction",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An action or process, or the result of an action or process."
],
"links": [
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"process",
"process"
],
[
"result",
"result"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) An action or process, or the result of an action or process."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"text": "indirection",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"text": "bisection",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A state or condition."
],
"links": [
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) A state or condition."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/ən/"
},
{
"other": "/ʃ/"
},
{
"other": "/t͡ʃ/"
},
{
"other": "/ʒ/"
}
],
"word": "-ion"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English unproductive suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "omphalion"
},
{
"word": "phalangion"
},
{
"word": "pternion"
},
{
"word": "sellion"
},
{
"word": "sphyrion"
},
{
"word": "stomiontrochanterion"
},
{
"word": "symphysion"
},
{
"word": "xiphion"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly reanalysed from inion, which is of Ancient Greek origin. In many cases also analysable as the neuter form of an Ancient Greek adjective in -ιος (-ios).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "-ia"
},
"expansion": "-ion (noun-forming suffix, plural -ions or -ia)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "mesophryon"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"text": "dactylion",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An anthropometric reference point."
],
"links": [
[
"anthropometric",
"anthropometry"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:craniometry"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"text": "gnathion",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An anthropometric reference point.",
"Especially craniometric points"
],
"links": [
[
"anthropometric",
"anthropometry"
],
[
"craniometric",
"craniometry"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:craniometry"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/aɪən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ale"
}
],
"word": "-ion"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English unproductive suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀπόγειον",
"4": "",
"5": "apogee"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀπόγειον (apógeion, “apogee”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek ἀπόγειον (apógeion, “apogee”), containing -ιον (-ion). Compare also -ium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "-ia"
},
"expansion": "-ion (noun-forming suffix, plural -ions or -ia)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
7,
10
]
],
"text": "periareion",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Together with apo- and peri-, forms names of specific apoapsides and periapsides."
],
"links": [
[
"apo-",
"apo-#English"
],
[
"peri-",
"peri-#English"
],
[
"apoapsides",
"apoapsis#English"
],
[
"periapsides",
"periapsis#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ion"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ion f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-tion"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine suffixes",
"French lemmas",
"French suffixes",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"-ion"
],
"links": [
[
"-ion",
"-ion#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/jɔ̃/"
}
],
"word": "-ion"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ion",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ionen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "-ion",
"5": "plural",
"6": "-ionen",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ion f (genitive -ion, plural -ionen)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-tion"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German feminine suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German suffixes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"-ion"
],
"links": [
[
"-ion",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"de:"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ion.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ion.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ion.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ion.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ion.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ion"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "d",
"3": "D"
},
"expansion": "D",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "Derived"
},
"expansion": "Derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "la",
"3": "-iō",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin -iō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "la",
"3": "-iō"
},
"expansion": "Derived from Latin -iō",
"name": "der+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Latin -iō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iones",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-iones"
},
"expansion": "-ion (plural -iones)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"Interlingua lemmas",
"Interlingua suffixes",
"Interlingua terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"-ion"
],
"links": [
[
"-ion",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iˈon/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jon/"
}
],
"word": "-ion"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ion",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "-ian",
"word": "-ien"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -ien (“-ian”)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ien",
"-ien#Middle_English:_ian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ion"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ion",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ioun"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -ioun"
],
"links": [
[
"-ioun",
"-ioun#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ion"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ion",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"Volapük lemmas",
"Volapük suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"-illion (used to form multiples of 1000: balion «million», telion 1.000.000.000, kilion 1.000.000.000.000)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ion"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh noun-forming suffixes",
"Welsh plural suffixes",
"Welsh suffixes",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*-onos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-onos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "-yon"
},
"expansion": "Cornish -yon",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "-ien"
},
"expansion": "Breton -ien",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *-onos, *-onā. Cognate to Cornish -yon, Breton -ien.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-on",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "plural suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ion",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "seiciatrydd (“psychiatrist”) + -ion → seiciatryddion (“psychiatrists”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cymydog (“neighbour”) + -ion → cymdogion (“neighbours”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mab (“son”) + -ion → meibion (“sons”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pluralisation suffix"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-aid"
},
{
"word": "-aint"
},
{
"word": "-au"
},
{
"word": "-ed"
},
{
"word": "-edd"
},
{
"word": "-en"
},
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"word": "-iadau"
},
{
"word": "-iaid"
},
{
"word": "-iau"
},
{
"word": "-od"
},
{
"word": "-oedd"
},
{
"word": "-on"
},
{
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"word": "-yr"
},
{
"word": "-ys"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/jɔn/"
}
],
"word": "-ion"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh noun-forming suffixes",
"Welsh suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-on",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ion",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "tir (“land”) + -ion → tirion (“territory, plain, grassland”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Noun suffix"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/jɔn/"
}
],
"word": "-ion"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ion meaning in All languages combined (15.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ion"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ion",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ion"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ion",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ion"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ion",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.